Journal: iScience

Article Title: An atom-edged magnetic nanomotor for cancer mechanotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114994

Figure Lengend Snippet: MagGO induces tumor cell death via frequency- and mode-dependent mechanical disruption (A) TEM images of MagGO synthesized under MF. The dashed white line represents the contour edge of GO. Scale bars, 200 nm. (B) M-H curve of GO, MNP, and MagGO. (C) AFM image of MagGO and the height of GO in MagGO. Scale bars, 500 nm. (D, F, and H) Cell viability of U87 (D), MDA-MB-231 (F), and A549 (H) cells treated with MNP and MagGO under RMF and 3D MF (RMF combined with OMF stimulation) at 5 Hz. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. (E, G, and I) Cell viability of U87 (E), MDA-MB-231 (G), and A549 (I) cells treated with MNP and MagGO under 3D MF of different frequencies. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The data were presented as the mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: To further evaluate the effect of MagGO on lysosomes under 3D MF stimulation, the three tumor cell lines were transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged Galectin-3 (Gal3), a well-established marker for lysosomal membrane disruption., Compared with MagGO alone, cells treated with MagGO under 3D MF exhibited markedly increased numbers of Gal3-positive puncta (64.5-fold in U87 cells, 45.8-fold in MDA-MB-231, and 31-fold in A549 cells) ( J–2M and ), indicating more pronounced lysosomal disruption.

Techniques: Disruption, Synthesized

Journal: iScience

Article Title: An atom-edged magnetic nanomotor for cancer mechanotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114994

Figure Lengend Snippet: MagGO induces lysosomal disruption (A) CLSM images of MNPs and MagGO in U87 cells. Lysosomes were stained with LysoTracker red (red), and the MNPs and MagGO were labeled with FITC (green). Scale bars, 15 μm. (B and C) Intensity profiles (white dashed line) of signals from lysosome and MNPs/MagGO fluorescent channels in (A). (D) CLSM images of MNPs and MagGO in MDA-MB-231 cells. Lysosomes were stained with LysoTracker red (red), and the MNPs and MagGO were labeled with FITC (green). Scale bars, 15 μm. (E and F) Intensity profiles (white dashed line) of signals from lysosomes and MNPs/MagGO fluorescent channels in (D). (G) CLSM images of MNPs and MagGO in A549 cells. Lysosomes were stained with LysoTracker red (red), and the MNPs and MagGO were labeled with FITC (green). Scale bars, 15 μm. (H and I) Intensity profiles (white dashed line) of signals from lysosomes and MNPs/MagGO fluorescent channels in (G). (J) CLSM images of U87 cells transfected with the EGFP-Gal3 plasmid after MagGO treatment under 3D MF. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The duration of magnetic field application is 30 min. Scale bars, 15 μm. (K) Counts of Gal3 puncta per U87 cell ( n = 10). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (L) Counts of Gal3 puncta per MDA-MB-231 cell ( n = 10). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (M) Counts of Gal3 puncta per A549 cell ( n = 10). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (N) Bio-TEM of lysosomal membrane morphology after mechanoporation for MagGO and MagGO+3D MF. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The duration of magnetic field application is 30 min. Scale bars, 1 μm. The dark blue arrow indicates the site of LMP, while the length of the blue arrow represents the size of the lysosomal membrane “wound”.

Article Snippet: To further evaluate the effect of MagGO on lysosomes under 3D MF stimulation, the three tumor cell lines were transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged Galectin-3 (Gal3), a well-established marker for lysosomal membrane disruption., Compared with MagGO alone, cells treated with MagGO under 3D MF exhibited markedly increased numbers of Gal3-positive puncta (64.5-fold in U87 cells, 45.8-fold in MDA-MB-231, and 31-fold in A549 cells) ( J–2M and ), indicating more pronounced lysosomal disruption.

Techniques: Disruption, Staining, Labeling, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Membrane

Journal: iScience

Article Title: An atom-edged magnetic nanomotor for cancer mechanotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114994

Figure Lengend Snippet: MagGO primarily induces pyroptosis as the mode of cell death (A–C) CLSM images of CTSB release of U87 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B), and A549 (C) cells after MagGO treatment under 3D MF. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The duration of magnetic field application is 30 min. Scale bars, 20 μm. (D–F) The cell viabilities of U87 (D), MDA-MB-231 (E), and A549 (F) cells treated with MagGO were assessed after pre-treatment with z-VAD-FMK (10 μM), Necrostatin-1 (10 μM), 3-Methyladenine (10 μM), Ferrostatin-1 (2 μM), and MCC950 (10 nM) for 4 h, followed by exposure to 3D MF at 5 Hz for 30 min. The applied field strength was 75 mT. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (G and H) Quantification of IL-1β (G) and IL-18 (H) release from U87 cells for control, MagGO, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 3). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (I and J) Western blot analysis of Casp-1 (I) and GSDMD (J) in U87 cells for control, MagGO, and MagGO+3D MF.

Article Snippet: To further evaluate the effect of MagGO on lysosomes under 3D MF stimulation, the three tumor cell lines were transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged Galectin-3 (Gal3), a well-established marker for lysosomal membrane disruption., Compared with MagGO alone, cells treated with MagGO under 3D MF exhibited markedly increased numbers of Gal3-positive puncta (64.5-fold in U87 cells, 45.8-fold in MDA-MB-231, and 31-fold in A549 cells) ( J–2M and ), indicating more pronounced lysosomal disruption.

Techniques: Control, Western Blot

Journal: iScience

Article Title: An atom-edged magnetic nanomotor for cancer mechanotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114994

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo antitumor efficacy of MagGO under 3D MF actuation in the GBM model (A) Schematic illustrations of in vivo anticancer therapy for GBM tumor. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The applied field frequency is 5 Hz. The duration of magnetic field application is 30 min. (B) Survival comparison of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and between-group differences were compared with the log rank test. (C) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images. The stained sections shown in the figure represent the largest tumor area in each tumor. Scale bars, 2 mm. (D) The level of TNF-α and IL-1β in brain tissue ( n = 3). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (E) The level of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum ( n = 3). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. (F–I) Blood biochemical tests for determining liver function markers and kidney function markers. ALT (F), AST (G), UREA (H), and CREA (I). ( n = 3). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (J and K) FCM plots (J) and analyses (K) of MagGO and MagGO-pEGFR in U87 EGFRvIII cells in tumors after MagGO and MagGO-pEGFR treatment for 1 day ( n = 5). MagGO and MagGO-pEGFR were labeled with FITC. Data were analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t test. (L) The U87 tumor volume comparison of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF for 14 days ( n = 5). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (M) The U87 tumor weight of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: To further evaluate the effect of MagGO on lysosomes under 3D MF stimulation, the three tumor cell lines were transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged Galectin-3 (Gal3), a well-established marker for lysosomal membrane disruption., Compared with MagGO alone, cells treated with MagGO under 3D MF exhibited markedly increased numbers of Gal3-positive puncta (64.5-fold in U87 cells, 45.8-fold in MDA-MB-231, and 31-fold in A549 cells) ( J–2M and ), indicating more pronounced lysosomal disruption.

Techniques: In Vivo, Comparison, Control, Generated, Staining, Labeling, Two Tailed Test

Journal: iScience

Article Title: An atom-edged magnetic nanomotor for cancer mechanotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114994

Figure Lengend Snippet: Broad antitumor activity of MagGO across multiple tumor models (A) Schematic illustrations of in vivo anticancer therapy for MDA-MB-231 and A549 tumors. The applied field strength is 75 mT. The applied field frequency is 5 Hz. The duration of magnetic field application is 30 min. (B) The MDA-MB-231 tumor volume comparison of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF for 14 days ( n = 5). (C) The MDA-MB-231 tumor images of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). (D) The MDA-MB-231 tumor weight of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (E) The MDA-MB-231 tumor volume of each mouse in the control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF groups for 14 days. (F) The A549 tumor volume comparison of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF for 14 days ( n = 5). (G) The A549 tumor images of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). (H) The A549 tumor weight of control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF ( n = 5). The data were presented as the mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. (I) The A549 tumor volume of each mouse in the control, MNP, MagGO, MNP+3D MF, and MagGO+3D MF groups for 14 days.

Article Snippet: To further evaluate the effect of MagGO on lysosomes under 3D MF stimulation, the three tumor cell lines were transfected with a plasmid encoding EGFP-tagged Galectin-3 (Gal3), a well-established marker for lysosomal membrane disruption., Compared with MagGO alone, cells treated with MagGO under 3D MF exhibited markedly increased numbers of Gal3-positive puncta (64.5-fold in U87 cells, 45.8-fold in MDA-MB-231, and 31-fold in A549 cells) ( J–2M and ), indicating more pronounced lysosomal disruption.

Techniques: Activity Assay, In Vivo, Comparison, Control